Acute or chronic back pain can have many causes:
- painful disc without prolapse
- herniated disc (lumbar disc herniation, cervical disc herniation)
- facet joint arthrosis / wear
- narrowing of the spinal canal (lumbar spinal stenosis, cervical spinal stenosis)
- instability / listhesis
- osteoporosis / vertebral fracture
- scar formation after inflammation
- inflammation of discs and facet joints
- blockade of the iliosacral joint
Diseases of the spine may cause back pain, pain in the legs and neurological deficits (dizziness, formication, decreased sensation).